5
History of GIS
1985– GPS
1988– TIGER
1996– Internet GIS products
1981– ArcInfo
1986– MapInfo Corp
1996– Mapquest
1984– Basic Readings in GIS
1986– Principles of GIS for Land Resources Assessment
1987– Int.J.GIS
1988– US and UK research centers
1991– Big Book of GIS
1992– DCW
1997– Handling Geographic Info
1988– GISWorld
1994– EO 12906
1994– OpenGIS Consortium
1999– GIS Day
Technology
Commercial
Academic
General
The Era of Commercialization
•DCW – Digital Chart of the World; first integrated 1:1,000,000 scale database of global coverage; 1.7 Gb; sponsored by the US Defense Mapping Agency
•EO 12906 – signed by US Pres. Clinton; led to creation of US National Spatial Data Infrastructure, clearinghouses and Federal Geographic Data Committee
•GIS Day – global celebration of GIS; first GIS Day had 1.2 million participants
•GISWorld – now GeoWorld; first worldwide magazine on GIS
•Int.J.GIS – International Journal of Geographic Information Science; first journal of GIS; published by Toppock et al.
•OpenGIS Consortium – between GIS vendors, government agencies and users; formed to improve interoperability
•TIGER – Topologically Integrated Geographic Encoding and Referencing; a follow-on from DIME
•US & UK research centers – National Center for Geographic Information and Analysis (US); Regional Research Laboratory (UK)